Antiurolithiatic activity of trans-cinnamic acid against ethylene glycol induced renal calculi in rats

Abstract

Urolithiasis is a complex process characterized by supersaturation and retention of salts within the kidney and also a debilitating problem worldwide. Here, we have investigated antiurolithiatic effect of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) against ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in rats. Urolithiasis was induced in Wistar albino rats using 0.75% v/v EG in drinking water for 28 days. t-CA was administered @200 and 400 mg/kg along with EG for 28 days. Biochemical, urine and histopathological analysis were performed to observe the calcium oxalate (CaC₂O₄) deposits and renal tissue damage. The EG group showed significant rise in urine oxalate, calcium, phosphate, and renal tissues oxalates, as compared to normal group. Serum creatinine and uric acid levels were also increased significantly in EG-treated group. Histopathological studies showed marked renal tissue damage and the presence of CaC₂O₄ crystals. Further, treatment of t-CA significantly ameliorated oxalate, calcium, magnesium, phosphate (urine) and creatinine, uric acid (serum) in EG-induced urolithiasis after 28 days. Moreover, t-CA-treated groups showed reversal of renal tissue damage and reduced level of CaC₂O₄. Interestingly, t-CA @400 mg/kg, was more effective in preventing the urolithiasis and regeneration of renal tissues in rats.