Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Sisymbrium irio L. Seeds

Abstract

Sisymbrium irio (Family: Cruciferae) is used in Unani medicine. The qualitative and quantitative analysis showed the presence of different types of bioactive secondary metabolites for instance phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, except reducing sugar and cardiac glycosides. The antioxidant activity was checked by DPPH and ABTS free radical trapping methods by using standards such as ascorbic acid and trolox. The methanol extract of the Indian variety of the seeds of Sisymbrium irio showed the highest antioxidant activity. The major pharmacological bioactive chemical compounds identified in different solvent extracts of Sisymbrium irio were characterized as : 2, 4- Di-tert-butylphenol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 3’, 5’-Dimethoxyacetophenone, γ -Tocopherol, Cholesterol, 1-Nonedecene, γ -Sitosterol, Ergot-5-en-ol, (3- Beta, 24R)-, 3- Methylcrotononitrile, 1, 2 - Cyclopentadi-one, 1, 3 - Cyclohexanedione, 4-Isothiocyanato-1-Butene, Isosorbide, Sinapic acid methyl ester, 1, E-8, Z-10-Pentadecatriene and 7-Tetradecenal, (Z) and GC-MS fatty acid profile of the cold pressed seeds oil of plant showed the presence of major fatty acids such as: Linolenic acid (36.29%), Linoleic acid (17.99%), Oleic acid (12.58%), Cis-11-Eicosanoic acid (9.2%), Erucic acid (9.19%) and Palmitic acid (6.66%).  The elemental analysis of the seeds showed the presence of magnesium, calcium, strontium, titanium, chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, aluminium, silicon, barium, iron, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and lead.